Kodi gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito bwanji?

Malinga ndi mtundu wa ma ion omwe amapangidwa ndi gulu la hydrophilic, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: Anionic, cotic, ZwiTterionic ndi Nonionic.

Anionic surfactonts

① sopo

Ndi mchere wa mafuta ochulukirapo, ndi mawonekedwe a General: (RCOO) nm. Mafuta a acid hydrocarbon r nthawi zambiri amalima mabizinesi 11 mpaka 17, komanso osakira acid, oleric acid ndi Lauric acid ndiofala. Malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikuyimiridwa ndi m, zitha kugawidwa m'maso achitsulo achitsulo, alkaline nthaka yachitsulo sopo ndi ma sopo. Onse ali ndi malo abwino a emulsization komanso kuthekera kwa mafuta. Koma amawonongedwa mosavuta. Ma sopa wachiwiri alkali amathanso kuwonongedwa ndi calcium ndi magnesiamu mchere, ndi ma elekitirole amathanso kuyambitsa mchere.

Alkali Zitsulo Zowopsa: O / W

Alkalinerow geofs zitsulo za Alkali: W / o

Zowopsa za Amine: sopo

② Sulppans ro-so3-m

Makamaka mafuta otentha ndi mafuta ochulukirapo amamwa mowa kwambiri. Mafuta a mafuta a hydrocarbon r ali pakati pa 12 ndi 18 Carbons. Woyimira mafuta wosungunuka ndi mafuta a castor, omwe amadziwika kuti mafuta ofiira ofiira a Turkey. Mafuta ochulukirapo owonda bongo amaphatikizapo sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds, sodium Lauryl sulfate) ndi sodium yamagetsi (Aes). SDS ili ndi emullution yolimba, yokhazikika, ndipo imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi, calcium, ndi magnesiamu mchere. In pharmacy, it can produce precipitation with some high molecular cationic drugs, has a certain irritation to the mucous membrane, and is used as an emulsifier for external ointments, and is also used for wetting or solubilizing solid preparations such as tablets. Sodium Watchtty Mowa Molyyathylene ether sulfate (AES) amatha kukana madzi a Halfate, ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu inayake.

③ sulfonites r-so3-m

Gawoli limaphatikizapo Sulfonic Sulfonites, alkyl aryl sulfonites, ndi alkyl naphphalene sulfonites. Madzi awo osungunuka ndi asidium ndi calcium ndi magnesiar Kuzunza pang'ono ndi zoyipa pang'ono kuposa sulfite pang'ono kuposa ma suldrolyzivated masinthidwe acidic. ALIPHACT Sulfonites Phatikizani: Sedium Secorry Alkyl Sulfonate (SAS-60), sosol-sodium solfonate sulfonate (al sosol-sodi), omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito), omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mayamwidwe owonjezera njira zopanda mkamwa; Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ya alkyl aryl sulfonites ndi zopinga zambiri. Cholera Mists monga sodium glycocholate ndi sodium taurocholate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusunga kwa Monoglycerinectides ndi mamita ambiri m'mimba thirakiti.

CARTIC Surfactants

Oubwinta okhala ndi zolipiritsa zabwino amatchedwa cartic surrectaltonts. Mawuwo, omwe amatchedwanso sopo wabwino, umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Gawo lalikulu la kusanja kwake ndi atomu ya nayitrogel, yomwe ndi mtundu wa a amnzakoni, makamaka benzolheium chloride (chlorhekide), ntchito yabwino kwambiri, ndipo imakhala yokhazikika mu acidic ndi njira za alkaline. Chifukwa cha mankhwala ake a bactericidal, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popewa matenda khungu, mucous nembanemba, zida zopangira opaleshoni, ndi zina zambiri, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antibactial othandizira a ophthalmic mu ophthalmic.

Mindahorotic surfactonts

Mtundu wamtunduwu uli ndi magulu abwino komanso osokoneza bongo pamapangidwe ake, ndipo amatha kuwonetsa katundu wa chikumbumtima kapena anionic surrectaltants poloza ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana.

① Lecithin

Lecithin ndi chilengedwe cha Zwitterionic zochulukitsa, makamaka kuchokera ku soya ndi mazira mazira. Kupanga kwa lecithin ndikovuta kwambiri ndipo ndi chisakanizo zingapo. Chifukwa cha magwero ake osiyanasiyana komanso njira zofanizira, kuchuluka kwa chinthu chilichonse kudzakhala kosiyananso, ndipo motero magwiridwewo angakhale osiyananso. Lecithin amasamala kwambiri ndi kutentha, mosavuta hydrolyzed pansi pa acid, alkalialety ndi osakhazikika, etherleum etheroform ma chloroform matraparsions ophatikizika.

②amino acid mtundu ndi mtundu wa betaine

Amino acid ndi betaine ndi mtundu wa ma amputortic a amshorotic, omwe gawo lawo limakhala ngati katebobolemu, ndipo ndi amchere amchere wa amine: ndi amchere uti) Makhalidwe ake ndi awa: mu alkaline wa alquine yankho, ali ndi katundu wa anionic surfacytants, ndi zotsatira zoyipa ndi zotsatira zoyipa; Mu acidic yankho, ili ndi katundu wa okondana, wokhala ndi luso la bactericidal, bactericidal zotsatira komanso zoopsa zocheperako kuposa ma cartactonti owoneka bwino.

Zopanda Zosagwirizana

Mafuta acid glycerides

Makamaka mafuta a asidi acid monoglycerides ndi mafuta a asidi wa Acid Eyacerides, monga mosterite glyceryl. Zosavuta m'madzi, mosavuta hydrolyzid mu glycerol ndi mafuta acids, osati achangu kwambiri, mtengo wa ma hlb a 3 mpaka 4, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati W / O.

Sucrose mafuta acid eyiti

Elster for ession, amakhala wa polylol mtundu wophunzitsidwa, ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma sucrose acid ndi mafuta, kuphatikizapo, traiester, ndi poyester. Itha kuwongoleredwa mu sucrose ndi mafuta acid m'thupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Mtengo wa HLB ndi 5-13, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati o / w emulsifier ndi obalalika, komanso ndi chakudya chowonjezera.

Sorbitan mafuta acid

Ndi chisakanizo cha zinthu zomwe zimapezeka ndi zomwe agwerbitide ndi anhydride ndi ma mafuta amoyo, ndipo dzina lawo la malonda ndi nthawi. Chifukwa cha lipophilicity yake yamphamvu, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati w / o emulsifier, ndi mtengo wa HLB wa 1.8-3.8, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta odzola ndi mafuta odzola. Komabe, kanthawi kochepa 20 ndi katamba ka 40 nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati o / w omuphwanya pakati.

Polysorbate

Ndi polyoxyafenene sorbitan mafuta acid ester. Pokhala - wa Span, polyoxyafethylene amaphatikizidwa kuti atenge gawo la ether, ndipo dzina lawo la malonda ndi amuna atatu. Mtundu wamtunduwu wambiri wachulukitsa kwambiri hydrophilicity chifukwa chowonjezera hydrophilic polyrothylene, kukhala wosungunuka madzi osungunuka. Mtengo wa HLB ndi 9.6-16.7, ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sobibir ndi o emulsifier.

Polyoxyothylene mafuta acid ester

Ndi Ester yopangidwa ndi kuphatikizira kwa polyethylene glycol ndi mafuta okwanira acid. Dzina la ntchito ya Myrij ndi m'modzi wa iwo. Mtunduwu ndi wosungunuka wamadzi ndipo ali ndi zinthu zolimba za emulsier. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati o / d ellsifier ndi sodubir.

Polyoxyothylene Mafuta Mowa Ether

Ndi ether yopangidwa ndi kuphatikizira kwa polyethylene glycol ndi mafuta acids. Tsimikizani dzina la Brij ndi m'modzi wa iwo. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati o / d ellsifier ndi sodubir.

Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polymer

Amapangidwa ndi polymerization of Polyoxyathylene ndi polyoxypropylene, imadziwikanso kuti poloxamer, ndipo dzina la malonda ndi pluronic.