Kodi choyambitsa ndi chiyani?

Oonjezerandi mankhwala omwe angachepetse kwambiri mawonekedwe kapena kusokonezeka kwadzidzidzi pakati pa zakumwa ziwiri, pakati pa madzi ndi mpweya, komanso pakati pamadzi komanso okhazikika. Mapangidwe aolecular aolefactonts ndi gulu limodzi ndi gulu la hydrophilic ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi gulu la hydrophobic; Gulu la hydrophilic nthawi zambiri limakhala gulu la polar, monga Carboxyylic acid, sulufonic acid, sulufu kapena gulu la amino ndi mchere, etc. Ngakhale gulu la hydrophobic nthawi zambiri limakhala lozungulira la hydrocarbon, monga ma atomu oposa 8 a kaboni. Zogwiritsa ntchito zimagawidwa ku Ionic surfactonts (kuphatikiza zikhulupiriro zopangira, anionic surfacytunts), ampherotic surfacyfacts), sunionic surfactonts), surtiotic surfactonts, okonda okonda zowonjezera, ndi zina zowonjezera.

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala

Mamolekyu ochulukitsa amakhala ndi chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino: chimodzi chimakhala ndi gulu la hydrophilic, lotchedwanso gulu la oleophophobic kapena itopu, -Nhatchi, -Sh. Chifukwa mtundu wamtunduwu ndi wautali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri umatchedwa mutu wa hydrophiric. Mapeto ake ndi gulu lomwe silikhala polar lomwe lili lipophilic, lomwe limadziwikanso ngati gulu la hydrophobic kapena gulu lokhala lopanda madzi, monga R- (alkyl) ndi Arky). Chifukwa mtundu wamtunduwu ndi waufupi, nthawi zina amatchedwa mchira wa hydrophobic. Mitundu iwiri yamagulu a magulu osemphana ndi katundu wosiyana ndi ma molekyulu yomweyo komanso olumikizidwa ndi ma molekyulu apamwamba, koma osati ponse hydrophilic kapena lipophilic. Mawonekedwe apadera aoonjezeraNthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mawonekedwe am'munsi", ndipo mamolebu reackicles makamaka amatchedwa "mamolekyu a mgodi wa".