Kuchita chitukuko ndi kuwongolera kwa okonda

Ntchito yoyambiriraoonjezeraItha kubwerera m'mbuyo kale, monga sopo wamafuta a maolivi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Aigupto akale posamba, koma kulibe zaka za m'ma 1900 zomwe anthu adayamba kuphunzira ndi kupanga zinthu zamakono monga sopo, etroleum sulfate, etc.

Mu 1916, kachilombo ka mankhwala aku Germany Fritz Haber adapanga zosakaniza za ammonia ndi petrochemical zotchedwa "wothandizira". Kusakaniza uku kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga sopo ndi zotupitsa, koma kumakhala ndi mpweya wambiri woopsa ndipo ndiowopsa, kotero ofufuza adayamba kuyang'ana njira zotetezeka komanso zopindulitsa.

Mu 1927, katswiri wa Chemist waku America Eco Winfield ndi Haber adalumikizana ndi zatsopanootukukaIzi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma ethoxylyted maskes kuti mulowe m'malo oponderapo, omwe ali otetezeka komanso othandiza kwambiri. Uku ndi kusokonekera kwa okonda, komwe kwalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa okonda m'minda yama mafakitale ndi ogula.

Pambuyo pa 1920s, kafukufuku wazi zopangidwa ndi zolengedwa zinayamba kupulumutsidwa kwakukulu, ndipo anthu adapeza malo osungirako atsopano, monga sodium alkybnote, alkyl salfonate, etc., omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Mu 1960s, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, anthu adayamba kuphunzira ndikupanga malo okonda kupanga, monga antiodegrant orcuttonts, anthu ambiri amayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Mkulu, kuyambira kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuchokera kumodzi ndi kukwatiwa. Malangizo azotukuka kwa okonda kuwonekera m'mbali zotsatirazi: ① Bweretsani zachilengedwe; Sinthani mankhwala oyipa; ③ Sambani ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa firiji; ④ Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi olimba popanda zowonjezera; ⑤ Zachilengedwe zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimatha kusamalira bwino zinyalala zamadzimadzi, zisungunuke, fumbi, etc.; ⑥ Zogwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe zingakuthandizeni bwino kuchuluka kwa michere, mafuta, ndi kupanga; ⑦ Zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri; ⑧ Zogwiritsa ntchito zopangidwa potengera bioengineering pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kapena madera; ⑨ Kupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kuphatikiza kupanga zotsatira za Synergist.